Who does not know Candi Borobudur? This Buddhist temple has 1460 relief panels and 504 Buddha effigies in the complex. Millions of people longing to visit the buildings included in this World Wonder Heritages. Not surprisingly, since architecturally and functionally, as a place of worship, Borobudur is attractive.
Borobudur was built by King Samaratungga, one of the kings of Old Mataram Kingdom, Sailendra descendants. Based on Kayumwungan inscription, an Indonesian named Hudaya Kandahjaya revealed that Borobudur is a place of worship which was completed May 26 824, nearly a hundred years since the early days was built. The name of Borobudur itself according to some people means a mountain having terraces (budhara), while the other says that Borobudur means monastery on the high places.
Borobudur-shaped building berundak punden consists of 10 levels. Height 42 meters before being renovated and 34.5 meters after the renovation because the lowest level was used as a drag. Six lowest level and square in the upper three floors and a circular highest level of Buddhist stupa facing to the west. Each level represents the stage of human life. In accordance with of Buddha Mahayana, anyone who wants to reach the level of Buddha must go through each of those life stages.
The base of Borobudur, called Kamadhatu, symbolizing human beings that are still bound by lust. Four levels mentioned above represents Rupadhatu humans who have set themselves free from lust but still tied to appearance and shape. At these levels, a statue of Buddha placed in open space. Meanwhile, three levels above where the Buddhist stupa placed in the holes is called Arupadhatu, symbolizing human beings that have been freed from lust, appearance, and shape. The top part is called Arupa symbolizes nirvana, where Buddha is residing.
Each terrace has beautiful relief panels showing how skillful. Relief that will be read by coherently when you walk in a clockwise direction (toward the left of the entrance of the temple). The relief panels tell the legendary story of Ramayana. In addition, there are relief panels describing the condition of society at that time. For example, relief of farmers' activity reflecting the advance of agriculture system and relief of sailing boat representing the advance of the time the cruise was centered in Bergotta (Semarang).
All relief panels in Borobudur temple reflect the teachings of the Buddha. Hence, this temple functions as educating the media for people who want to learn Buddhism. YogYES invites you to walk through each narrow passage in Borobudur in order to understand the philosophy of Buddhism. Atisha, a Buddhist from India in the 10th century, had visited the temple that was built 3 centuries before Angkor Wat in Cambodia and 4 centuries before the Grand Cathedrals in Europe.
Thanks to visiting Borobudur and having Buddhist manuscripts from Serlingpa (King of Sriwijaya), Atisha was able to develop Buddhism. He became head of Vikramasila monastery and taught Tibetans of practicing Dharma. Six scripts from any Serlingpa reduced to a core doctrine called "The Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment" or better known by the name Bodhipathapradipa.
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A traditional art called "summons" has grown and developed in Central Aceh regions, especially in Gayo society. Gayo natural hinterland lies Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. Saman dance itself was born ± XIV century, until today is still growing and still in its original form, which is almost in every village in this region warrant tersebut.Tarian created and developed by an Islamic religious leader called Sheikh Saman, so the name of the dance similar (synonyms) creators own name
Saman dance is the development of the art of dance, which originally was called "Pok pok Ane" is singing a poem to the accompaniment of clapping hands, pat his chest and thigh slap. Then by Sheikh Saman Pok pok Ane art is altered and embellished with various variations. There was movement applause, pat your chest, thigh with his right hand and left, changing the turn, so was born Sarah saman Uman, Manjik Saman and others. Saman dance can be classified as entertainment / performances, because performances of dance is not bound by time, event or a particular ceremony. Can be displayed at every opportunity that is noise and joy.
Saman own poems used in Arabic and Aceh. Before the start of a warrant mukaddimah or opening, appears a wise old man or a traditional leaders to represent the local community (keketar) or advice that is useful to the players and spectators. Songs and poems together disclosure and continuous, the players consist of men who are still young by wearing traditional clothes. Presentation of the dance can also be performed, the match between the group with a group guests sepangkalan (two groups). Assessment emphasis on the ability of each group in following the movements, dance and song (poetry) presented by the opposition.
Tari Saman is the delivery of ideas that contains the values of education as a whole. Thus, saman dance play an important role in the socio-cultural life of the Indonesian nation. In this perspective saman dance that developed in the province of Aceh, Gayo tribe in particular can give a positive contribution in the culture of the Acehnese people. especially in the arts of life, local language and local customs in Aceh. In addition, saman dance has been able to contribute to moral education and religious fields. In each appearance, speakers track always instilled good qualities, both moral view or religious views.
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Ondel-ondel is show the people that have been there for centuries in Jakarta and surrounding areas, which today is a Betawi area. Although the performance of such people there are in some other places like the Priangan known as Badawang, in Cirebon called Beans and Barongan in Bali called Barong Landung, but ondel-ondel have distinct characteristics.
Ondel classified Ondel-one form of theater without said, because it was originally used as the personification of the ancestor or ancestors, protecting the safety of the village and everything in it. Thus can be considered as a bearer plays or stories, as with "bekakak" the ceremony "cut bekakak" limestone mountains south of Yogyakarta city, which was held in Sapar every year.
Ondel-shaped ondel big doll with bamboo framework with a size less than 2.5 M, the height and diameters less than 80 cm. Created in such a way so that the bearers who are in it can move somewhat freely. Her hair is made from fibers, "bump" the Betawi people. Shaped face mask or a mask, with round eyes (round) widened.
Ondel-ondel depicting male red-painted face, which describes a white-faced woman or yellow. Ondel-ondel is usually used to enliven the procession, such as circumcision and bride paraded forth. Normally just brought a pair, male and female. But today depends on the owner's request lavatory. Even in public celebrations such as birthday anniversary of Jakarta, also used to bring a few pairs, so that is a separate procession is quite festive.
Music accompaniment ondel not ondel-specific, depending on each group. There Tanjidor accompanied, as ondel-ondel party leaders Gejen, Setu village. There is a drum accompaniment as pencak Betawi group "Beringin Sakti" leadership Duloh (alm), now leader Yasin, from Rawasari. There is also accompanied by Bende, "Kemes", ningnong and Rebana Ketimpring, like ondel-ondel party leaders Lamoh, Kalideres
In addition to enliven the procession in the past also used to tour, "Ngamen". Especially in the celebration of New Year's celebrations, both BC and the Lunar New Year. Target on New Year's Day celebration Menteng area, which occupied many Christians.
Making ondel-ondel conducted in an orderly, good time as well as unmasked form at the time her body weaving bamboo materials. Before work begins, usually provided that such offering contains red and white pulp, rujak rujakan seven-way, flowers etc. seven kinds, besides of course the burn incense. Similarly ondel-ondel the ready-made, usually also provided offerings and burned incense, accompanied by incantations, chants aimed at a deemed spirits hover the ondel-ondel. Before expelled from the storage, when to leave to play, always held offerings. The burning of incense made by the leadership group, or one of the elder. According to local terms such ceremony is called "perfume" or "ngukup".
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Parangtritis beach is one beach that must be visited, not just because it is the most popular beach in Yogyakarta, but also has a close relationship with various other tourist attractions, such as the Sultan's Palace, Beach Parangkusumo and Merapi area. The beach is located 27 kilometers from the city center is also part of the power of Ratu Kidul.
Naming Parangtritis has its own historicity. It is said that someone named Dipokusumo who are fugitives from the kingdom of Majapahit came to this area hundreds of years ago to do meditation. When he saw droplets of water that flows from the rock cracks, he was named the area became South ', from the machete (= stone) and tumaritis (= drop of water). The beach is located in the area was eventually named the same.
Parangtritis beach is a beach full of myth, believed to be a manifestation of the unity of the trinity consisting of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta Kingdom and Parangtritis. This beach is also believed to be the meeting place Panembahan Senopati with Sunan Kalijaga shortly after completion through meditation. In the meeting, Senopati reminded to remain humble as though a supernatural ruler.
The primary attraction of this beach. Enjoy the natural view the most important. Natural charm that can diintip from various locations and how that landscape is more varied views and you also have a different experience. If you are standing on the edge of beaches, natural charm that seems a sea view are immense with the harsh waves and high cliffs on the east.
Satisfied with landscapes you can enjoy the experience of other attractions to the historic sites located around Parangtritis Beach. One of them is the tomb of Sheikh Bela Belu located on the road to the beach. You can go through the steps of a highway connecting with the sacred hill where the tomb is. Generally, many pilgrims came on Tuesday kliwon.
To achieve Parangtritis, you can choose two routes. First, the route of Yogyakarta - Imogiri - Siluk - Parangtritis offering spectacular river and mountain rocks. Second, through the route of Yogyakarta - Parangtritis that can be done with due mdah relatively good roads. Recommended, you do not wear green to honor local residents who believed that green dress could bring disaster.
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Kecak is often called "The Monkey Dance" for the tourists is a dance in a relatively new form of drama but the show has become a very popular / famous and has become a must watch show for tourists both domestic and abroad. Dance scenes kecak been promoted in several poscard, tourist guide and others.
Kecak is the name is a name that directly taken after the sound "cak, cak" in saying that continually throughout the show. There are some who explained that the word or sound "cak" actually means a very important and significant in the show.
Not known for certain where the dance originated and where kecak was first developed, but there is a kind of consensus on the Bali kecak first time developed into a performing arts in Bona, Ganyar, as additional knowledge kecak initially a tembang or produced music from the sound synthesis which form the melody is usually used to accompany the sacred dances Sahyang. And can only be performed in the temples. Then in the early 1930s from the village astist Bona, Gianyar trying to develop kecak dance by taking the story of Ramayana as a substitute didramatarikan Trance Dance that dance is ultimately can be displayed in public as performance art. Part of the Ramayana story was first taken in which the Goddess Sita was abducted by King Ravana.
As a Kecak performance is supported by some very important factors, more is more in this kecak show presents dance as an introduction to the story, of course the music is vital to accompany the dancers sway lenggak. But in the Kecak music sounds generated from a combination of peak, amounting to around 50 to 70 people it will make music akapela, a leader will act as the initial tone memberika longer act as a stressor in charge of high pressure or low tone of an act as a solo singer, and another will act as the mastermind who brought ki storyline. Kecak dance dancer in the movement should not follow the standard are standard dance accompanied by gamelan. So in this kecak dance dancer's body movements more relaxed because the main priority is the story and voice synthesis.
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Lekko pitu. Badik or keris, a long form with the agreed curve, where a pointed tip, and stem decorated with lines resembling veins flow from the rod tip up to the kris, which is embedded in the wood called the stomach with the butt.
Keris known as pitu lekko Badik, Luwu tana community, south sulawesi. sometimes believed to be local people can protect them from the threat of danger, and made by some male or Bura'ne regional languages, as personal protection.
According to tau Luwu trust, or his Indonesian people Luwu, if Badik lekko pitu, is supposedly said Badik made by their ancestors who used to be one of tools of war weapons, to fight the enemy.
Disulawesi southern or formerly known denagan celebes, some areas that have the kingdom, each having a weapon or Badik heritage, which until now was inherited by some of his generation.
If ditana Luwu, known as pitu lekko Badik, it is different in the kingdom of Makassar and Gowa, Makassar and Gowa community, has Badik tau kalewang regional languages, which are named Badik battang Lompo.
Lompo Badik battang called, because in the middle or body Badik, like berbetuk concave belly, but the tip remains pointed, usually battang Lompo Badik size, slightly greater than other regions Badik.
Meanwhile in the kingdom of bone, which represents the community or tana bugis ugi, also has called Badik KAWALI ugi (Badik bugis). Diaman KAWALI ugi, size is not too long, nor simple form
Diversity Badik variety, of course, not only in the four regions bugis kingdom, makassar, Gowa and Luwu kingdom, but almost all regions in South Sulawesi province, has Badik with diversity and characteristics of each area.
Makassar bugis for society, or community south sulawesi, especially men Bura'ne, once it is identical with Badik themselves, where Badik was used as a symbol of virility "real man".
Usually if man-makassar bugis, feel humiliated, then there is only one word that they use as a symbol, namely siri'napacce, which sometimes is they must finish with a male, who ultimately end up at the end Badik.
However, eroded by time and change this culture, is now only a few men-bugis makassar, which maintain or Badik mengidentikan himself with this also because the rules of law that prohibits people with Badik.
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Gamelan is surely not a foreign music. It has been popular in most continents and has created new music of jazz-gamelan, gave birth to the institution as a learning space and the expression of gamelan music, to produce famous gamelan musicians. Gamelan music instrument can now be enjoyed in many parts of the world, but Yogyakarta is the most appropriate place to enjoy the gamelan it since you can enjoy the original version.
Gamelan developing in Yogyakarta is Javanese gamelan, a different form of gamelan Balinese gamelan or Sundanese gamelan. Javanese gamelan has a softer tone and slow, unlike dynamic Balinese gamelan and Sundanese gamelan lilting flute and voice dominated. The difference is reasonable, since Java has its own view of life that is expressed in the rhythm of gamelan music.
Javanese worldview expressed in gamelan music is the harmony of physical and spiritual, harmony in talking and acting so as not to create an expression that explosive and create tolerance. Being real in his music is the pull string fiddle that is, a balanced blend of sound kenong, saron drums and xylophone and a gong sounds on every cover of rhythm.
There is no definite history of gamelan. Development of gamelan music is expected since the emergence of wide band, fiddle, tap on the mouth, the friction on the cord or thin bamboo until the introduction of metal musical instruments. Further development after named gamelan, the music was used to accompany wayang performance, and dance. Time was not until later on some independent music and equipped with the voice of the sinden.
A set of gamelan consists of several instruments, including a set of similar musical instrument drum called drums, fiddle and zither, xylophone, gongs and bamboo flutes. The main components that make up musical instruments in the gamelan is bamboo, metal, and wood. Each instrument has its own function in gamelan music show, for example, closing a gong played music and gave long after the previous balance was decorated by the rhythm of the music gising.
Javanese gamelan is music with pentatonic melodies. A complete gamelan game consists of two rounds, namely slendro and pelog. Slendro has 5 tones per octave, ie 1 2 3 5 6 [C-D E + GA] with a small interval difference. Pelog has 7 tones per octave, ie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [C + D E-F # G # AB] with a large difference intervals. Gamelan music composition created with some rules, which consist of several rounds and pathet, bordered by a gong and the melodies were created in a unit consisting of 4 tones.
You can see gamelan as an independent music performance as well as a dance or performance arts such as wayang kulit and ketoprak. As a performance, gamelan music is usually combined with the voices of the singers of Java (called wiraswara male singers and female singers called waranggana or sinden). Gamelan music performances that performance can be classic or contemporary gamelan. One form of contemporary gamelan music is jazz-gamelan as a combination of music with pentatonic and diatonic.
One of the places in Yogyakarta where you can see the performance of gamelan is the sultan's palace. On Thursday at 10:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. gamelan as a music performance. On Saturday at the same time held the gamelan music as accompaniment shadow puppets, while on Sunday at the same time held the gamelan music as a traditional Javanese dance accompanist. To see the show, you can go to the Hall of Sri Maganti. Meanwhile, in order to see the old gamelan, you can go to another hall of the kingdom which lies further to the rear.
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As the name implies, shadow puppets are made from animal skin (buffalo, cow or goat). Shadow puppets are used to perform the play from the Chronicle Lakon Purwa the Mahabharata and Ramayana, is therefore also called Wayang Purwa.
Until now the leather puppet show in addition to an entertainment facility is also one part of traditional ceremonies such as: clean village, ngruwat and others. To perform a puppet show complete required less support as many as 18 people. One person as the mastermind, 2 people as waranggana or sinden, and 15 people as gamelan wiraswara concurrently. If done during the day show usually starts from Jam 09.00 to 16:00 hrs.Place puppet show organized by using the concept of abstract stage.
Arena stage consists of a screen of white cloth and as a technical tool bar is placed beneath a banana to stick puppets. In the leather puppet show, the number of scenes in a play can not be determined. The amount of this scene will vary based on the play displayed or hung behind it. As the pre-spectacle is tetabuhan that had nothing to do with the main story, so just be as heated air or introductory course for entry into the actual show.
In the leather puppet show, the number of scenes in a play can not be determined. The amount of this scene will vary based on the play displayed or hung behind it. As the pre-spectacle is tetabuhan that had nothing to do with the main story, so just be as heated air or introductory course for entry into the actual show. As a guideline in presenting puppet shows are usually a puppeteer will use the standard form of puppetry puppetry books. But there is also the mastermind who uses records from the old puppeteers whose knowledge acquired through descent. However, a puppeteer also given the opportunity to improvise, because the standard puppetry is actually only contains the main story is just the heart. To further liven and make the performance more interesting, improvisation and creative mastermind holds a very important role.Makeup color on the leather puppet has symbolic meaning, but there is no general rule here.
Makeup colors such as red for the face, most indicate the nature of anger, but the figure has Setyaki color red makeup of anger is not. So the puppet character is not determined by the color of makeup, but also determined by other elements, such as shape (patron) puppet itself.Figure Arjuna, both which have the color black and yellow face, is still Arjuna with nature that we have known. Color difference like this face to distinguish space and time appearance.
Arjuna with the color yellow face for a scene staged in the palace, while Arjuna with the color black face indicates that he was on his way. Similarly, figures Ghatotkacha, Krishna, Werkudara and others. Puppet face color difference will not be known by the audience who saw the show from behind the scenes.Lighting tools used in the leather puppet show from the past until now has been amended in accordance with technological developments. In the original form of lighting equipment used in the leather puppet show is blencong, then evolved into kerosene lamp (keceran), petromak, now many use electric lights.
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Basically there are five versions of the popular story that developed in the community about the origin and Warok Reog, but one of the most famous story is the story of the rebellion Ki Ageng Flea, a royal servant during Bhre Kertabhumi, the last king of Majapahit who ruled in the nineteenth century -15. Ki Ageng Flea wrath will strongly influence from the Chinese partner in the government and the king, the king of a corrupt behavior, he saw that the power of the Majapahit kingdom will end.
He then left the king and established the university where he taught young children martial arts, science self immunity, and the science of perfection in the hope that young children will become the seed of the resurrection of the Majapahit kingdom again later. Realizing that his army is too small to fight the royal troops Ki Ageng political message conveyed by fleas Reog performing arts, which is a "hint" to the king and his kingdom Kertabumi Bra. Cultural Reog a way Ki Ageng Flea local communities to build resistance using Reog popularity.
Reog performance shown in the shape of lion-head masks, known as the 'Lion Barong ", the king of the forest, which became the symbol for Kertabumi, and above attached peacock feathers to resemble a giant fan that symbolize the strong influence of his Chinese colleagues who set up all the motion - bearing. Jatilan, played by groups of dancers who gemblak horse riding became a symbol of the strength of troops into the kingdom of Majapahit contrast ratio warok strength, which is behind the red clown mask that became the symbol for Ki Ageng Lice, alone and support the weight of the mask reaches more singabarong of 50kg using only his teeth. Ki Ageng Reog popularity eventually led Kertabumi Lice take action and attack the school, the rebellion by warok quickly resolved, and universities to continue teaching prohibited to warok. But the students remained lice Ki Ageng continue secretly. Even so, Reognya own art is still allowed to be staged because the show has become popular among the people, but the story has a new line where the added characters from folklore Kelono Sewondono Ponorogo ie, Goddess Songgolangit, and Sri Genthayu.
Official version Reog Ponorogo storyline now is the story of King Ponorogo daughter who intend applying for Kediri, Dewi Ragil Yellow, but amid the journey he was intercepted by King Singabarong from Kediri. Singabarong king's army consists of peacocks and lions, while the part of the kingdom of King Ponorogo Kelono and deputy Bujanganom, escorted by warok (men dressed in black in the dance), and warok has a deadly black magic. The whole dance is a dance of war between the kingdom and the kingdom of Kediri Ponorogo, and pitted black magic between them, the dancers in a state of 'trance' while performing the dance.
Until now people Ponorogo only follow what their ancestral heritage as a cultural inheritance which is very rich. In the experience of art is the copyright Reog human creations that form the existing faiths were hereditary and awake. The ceremony also use terms that are not easy for lay people to meet without a clear lineage. they embrace Parental lineage and customary law which is still valid.
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Lake Toba is a volcanic lake of 100km x 30km in North Sumatra, Sumatra, Indonesia. In the middle there is a volcanic island called Samosir Island. Lake Toba has long become an important tourist destination in North Sumatra, Bukit Lawang addition and Nias, attract domestic and foreign tourists.
It is estimated that Lake Toba explosion occurred at about 73000-75000 years ago and is the eruption Supervolcano (super volcano) the most recent. Bill Rose and Craig Chesner from Michigan Technological University estimate that the materials are thrown volcanic mountain of 2800km3, with ignimbrit and 800km3 rock 2000km3 estimated volcanic ash blown into the west for 2 weeks.
This incident caused mass death and in some species was also followed by extinction. According to some DNA evidence, this eruption also reduced the number to about a thousand men only.
After the eruption, the caldera formed which then fills with water and became what is now known as Lake Toba. Upward pressure of magma that has not come out cause the emergence of Samosir Island.
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